Karakul lake is the distal proglacial lake of the Muztagh Ata glaciers in Xinjiang, and its material input is mainly affected by glacier changes. The Karakul lake sediment core was drilled in the deepest part of the Karakul Lake (38 ° 26.56 ′ N, 75 ° 03.65 ′ E, water depth of 19m) in June and July, 2013, by the research group of prof. Xubaiqing, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research. The length of the sediment core was 14.16m. This data set is the geochemical data of the lake sediment core, providing high-resolution (0.2mm) information of geochemical elements' contents. The element data was obtained using the nondestructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements (Itrax Core Scanner, Sweden). The measurement was performed in the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The element content in this data set changes obviously, among which the Zr element, Zr/Rb ratio and Rb/Sr ratio provides the long-term glacier change history in Muztagh Ata region, while Ti element provides the dust change history. These data are of great scientific significance for studying the long-term paleoclimate and environmental change histories in the the westerly-dominated region.
XU Baiqing, ZHANG Xiaolong
This data is the sediment record of Qingtu Lake in the middle and lower reaches of Shiyang River Basin, including sediment indicators of qth01 and qth02 Lake profiles. Shiyang River Basin is located in 100 ° 57'~ 104 ° 57' e, 37 ° 02'~ 39 ° 17' n, with a total length of more than 300 kilometers and a total area of 4.16 × 104km2。 The basin is located in the transitional zone between the northwest arid region and the eastern monsoon region, and has a unique climate model. Modern climatological research shows that the hydrological changes in this region are intense, the ecosystem is fragile, and it is very sensitive to global climate change. The two profiles qth01 and qth02 involved in this data have geographical coordinates of 39 ° 03 ′ n 103 ° 40 ′ E and an altitude of 1309m. The depth of the profile is 692cm (qth01) and 736cm (qth02) respectively. AMS14C radiocarbon dating was carried out in the dating Laboratory of Peking University and pretreated in the pretreatment Laboratory of Lanzhou University. The dating samples should try to avoid the layers and sand layers with more plant roots. Radiocarbon 14C dates were calibrated using oxcal v4.4.2 and intcal20 atmospheric profiles. The mineral composition of sediment was determined by x'pert Pro MPD, and the particle size of sediment was determined by Mastersizer 2000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The above experiments were completed in the key experiment of the Ministry of western environmental education of Lanzhou University. Grain size data qth01 and qth02 profiles are sampled and measured at 2cm intervals, mineral data qth01 is sampled and measured at 10cm intervals, and qth02 is sampled and measured at 20cm intervals. The fluctuation of grain size and mineral content shows the significant climate change since the Holocene in the middle and lower reaches of Shiyang River, and the climate was relatively dry in the early Holocene (11.0 - 7.4 cal. kyr BP); The middle Holocene (7.4 - 4.7 cal. kyr BP) was in a climate suitable period; In the late Holocene (4.7 - 0 cal. kyr BP), the trend of aridity was obvious, and this aridity became intensified after 1.6 cal. kyr BP.
LI Yu
This data is the plant diversity and distribution data of the chnab005 grid on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including the Chinese name, Latin name, latitude and longitude, altitude, collection number, number of molecular materials, number of specimens, administrative division, small place, collector, collection time and creator of the plants in this grid. This data is obtained from e-Science website（ http://ekk.kib.ac.cn/web/index/#/ ）And partially complete the identification. This data has covered the list of plants in this flora and the specific distribution information. This data can be used not only to study the floristic nature of this region, but also to explore the horizontal and vertical gradient pattern of plants in this region. What is different from last year is that the grid with the most scientific research data this year has changed, which may be affected by the epidemic or the environment.
DENG Tao
This data includes 50 14C dating data of 5 Lake cores (ANGREN jincuo, Yilong lake, guozhaco, bangdaco and gongzhucuo). The age control of lake sediment cores depends on radiocarbon isotope (14C) dating. The chemical treatment and analysis test of this batch of samples were completed in Miami beta laboratory and Peking University in the United States. The test time was 2018-2022. The test process was carried out in strict accordance with relevant standards. The data sheet includes the lake core sample number, laboratory sample number, dating sample depth, 14C dating results, dating error and corrected results, etc. Good chronological control is the basis of paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
HOU Juzhi, WU Duo
This data includes carbonate oxygen isotope data and core age data of Xingyun Lake sediments. The first column: core depth, the second column: core age frame (CAL yr BP), and the third column: carbonate oxygen isotope data. The core of Xingyun Lake is 745cm long and 14ka old. There are 149 carbonate oxygen isotope data. The summer precipitation records in Xingyun Lake since the past 14 Ka have been reconstructed by using carbonate oxygen isotopes in the sediments of Xingyun Lake. The reconstruction results show that the summer precipitation of mingmingyun Lake Basin in early Holocene is high; Since the middle Holocene, summer precipitation has gradually decreased, which is mainly controlled by summer solar radiation.
WU Duo
The Cenozoic strata developed within and around the Tibetan Plateau, contain fruitful information on the tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate changes. It's very significant on revealing the history of the uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its relevant effects on the regional and even global environment and climate. This data set contains several well developed sections, which have been identified by the systematic geological survey. Depending on the tools (e.g. GPS, geological compass) in the fieldwork, we have finished the geological measurements and descriptions of these sections as well as the relevant geological maps. It includes a 90-m loess deposit of the Duikang section in the Linxia basin, several fluvial and lacustrine deposits (such as the 1890-m Dayu section in the Lunpola basin, the 300-m Shuanghe section in the Jianchuan basin, the 252-m Caijiachong section in the Qujing basin) and a 932-m saline lacustrine deposit with gypsolyte of the Jiangcheng section in the Simao basin. This data set provides a solid geological foundation for the following researches on stratigraphic chronology, tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and so forth.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, YAN Maodu, ZHANG Weilin, ZHANG Dawen
Paleoecological and paleolimnological studies can provide a long-term perspective on changes in environmental and ecosystem processes. The sediments documented both direct and indirect impacts of climate change and human activities on aquatic ecosystems. The fossils of zooplankton remain and pigments in lake sediments can reflect community structure changes of primary producers and primary consumers. The authors reconstructed the zooplankton and algal community changes during the past 600 years using carapaces of A. tibetiana and resting eggs of D. tibetana and pigments from the sediments of Dagze Co, in the central Tibet Plateau. Using total nitrogen and total phosphorus reconstructed the nutrient changes. These results suggest that algal community structure and changes in production can be attributed to alterations in the zooplankton community, with important implications for Tibetan aquatic ecosystems.
LIANG Jie LIANG Jie
Paleoecological and paleolimnological studies can provide a long-term perspective on changes in environmental and ecosystem processes. The sediments documented both direct and indirect impacts of climate change and human activities on aquatic ecosystems. The fossils of zooplankton remain and pigments in lake sediments can reflect community structure changes of primary producers and primary consumers. The authors reconstructed the zooplankton and algal community changes during the past 600 years using carapaces of A. tibetiana and resting eggs of D. tibetana and pigments from the sediments of Dagze Co, in the central Tibet Plateau. Using total nitrogen and total phosphorus reconstructed the nutrient changes. These results suggest that algal community structure and changes in production can be attributed to alterations in the zooplankton community, with important implications for Tibetan aquatic ecosystems.
LIANG Jie LIANG Jie
Mercury is a global pollutant.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is adjacent to South Asia, which currently has the highest atmospheric mercury emissions, and could be affected by long-distance transport.The history of atmospheric mercury transport and deposition can be well reconstructed using ice cores and lake cores. The history of atmospheric mercury deposition since the industrial revolution was reconstructed based on 8 lake cores and 1 ice core from the Tibetan Plateau and the southern slope of the Himalayas.This data set contains 8 lake core data from Namtso, Bangongtso, Linggatso, Guanyong Lake, Tanggula Lake, Gosainkunda Lake, Gokyo Lake and Phewa Lake, and 1 ice core data .The resolution of ice core data is 1 year, lake core data is 2~20 years, and the data include mercury concentration and flux.
KANG Shichang
In order to find out the climate and environmental changes since the last interglacial period in Central Asia, the earth ring Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, taking tree rings, lakes, stalagmites and loess as carriers, conducted in-depth research on their evolution from different aspects. The tree ring group collected tree ring samples and obtained the data of tree ring width in alagan, Yuli County, Xinjiang; The lake marsh formation collected lake marsh sediments in Kashgar basin and obtained 137cs-210pb, LOI δ 18O data; The stalagmites collected by the stalagmite formation in qiongguo cave, Qinghai Tibet Plateau have obtained carbon and oxygen isotopes, test age and element test data; The comprehensive group obtained the XRF and multi parameter data of peat in Longmucuo and dangyayongcuo lakes, the particle size of Longmucuo in Lop Nur, Xinjiang and Tibet, the magnetic susceptibility of peat in Kashgar and Longmucuo lakes, and the TOC data of Zhaosu; The Loess group obtained the OSL ages, MS and carbon epitope data of the Loess of xiaoerbu, Zhaosu and Qingshuihe in Xinjiang. It provides strong scientific data support for climate and environmental changes since the last interglacial period in Central Asia.
LI Qiang , LAN Jianghu , TAN Liangcheng , LIU Xingxing , SONG Yougui
This data including the GDGTs data and fatty acid data records of Xiada Co in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau during the past 2000 years. These data are obtained by the research team using organic geochemical methods. The Xiada Co sediment core was collected in the summer of 2014. The water depth of the sampling point (33.392°N、79.363°E，4373m) is about 19m. The extraction of biomarkers in lake sediments was carried out by ultrasonic extraction. The extraction and testing of compounds were carried out in the laboratory of environmental change and surface processes, Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The detection instrument of wax fatty acid compounds in sediments is gas chromatography flame ion detector (GC-FID, model: Agilent 7890a). The test instrument for GDGTs compounds is HPLC-APCI-MS (Agilent 1200 HPLC + 6100 MS), which is tested by three chromatographic columns in series. The model of chromatographic column is (hypersil gold silica, 100 mm) × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μ m). 5-methyl bgdgts isomer and 6-methyl bgdgts isomer were effectively separated by silica gel column in series. This data can provide the climatic and environmental background of human activities in the western plateau of the late Holocene, provide a basis for understanding the process and mechanism of climate change in the western Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 2000, and provide boundary conditions for climate simulation.
HOU Juzhi, LI Xiumei
This data is the relevant data of biogeochemistry and stable isotope geochemistry of Qaidam Basin. This set of data is mainly based on the research means of paleontology, sedimentary strata and biogeochemistry of typical sections to explore the sedimentary, climatic and biological response of Qaidam basin to the uplift of Qinghai Tibet Plateau in Cenozoic. The data of paleontological isotope and oxygen isotope of the Dachaigou basin are the main biomarkers for the study of Paleontology in the Dachaigou basin. The preliminary research processing results show that the data quality is high
YUAN Feng
Dating data of debris flow and dammed lake sediments in complex mountainous areas from 2019 to 2021. The data collection sites are complex mountainous areas prone to debris flow in the eastern and southern edges of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The experimental analysis is mainly completed in the salt lake chemical analysis and testing center of Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the analysis and testing center of Chengdu Mountain Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The instruments used include RIS ø TL / OSL – Da – 20 automatic luminescence instrument, etc. The age data set of debris flow sediments in typical complex mountainous areas is established, the formation age of debris flow sediments in complex mountainous areas is quantitatively studied, and the ancient debris flow disaster activity history in complex mountainous areas is determined.
HU Guisheng
The present data are chronological and palynological data from the Luanhaizi Lake core in the Menyuan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We used the AMS14C method to test nine dated samples from the LHZ18 core. Bulk samples were collected from plant remains and organic-rich horizons from the core LHZ18 for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dating. Samples were measured at Beta Labs in the USA and Lanzhou University.Pollen analysis was completed at the Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environment Systems,Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, with 140 stratigraphic pollen samples and 10 topsoil pollen samples. Spore pollen identification statistics were carried out under a light microscope.The pollen results mainly include the number of grains of trees, shrubs, herbs and aquatic plants.
HUANG Xiaozhong, ZHANG Jun, WANG Tao
Luanhaizi Borehole (LHZ18) was acquired by Huang Xiaozhong Research Group of Lanzhou University in August 2018. This data is 0-859 cm grain size data of the core of Luanhaizi Lake in Qilian Mountains. Grain size analysis was carried out at 0-4 m according to one sample, and grain size analysis was carried out at on ssample interval at the depth of 4-8.6 m, totaling 390 data were obtained. The experiment was completed in the Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Environmental Education of Lanzhou University, and grain size analysis was carried out with Mastersizer 2000 instrument. The data reflected the grain size change of the lake sediment, which is very important for the study of long-time series eolian activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
HUANG Xiaozhong, ZHANG Jun, WANG Jiale, REN Xiuxiu, SUN Mingjie, XIANG Lixiong
This data set contains the elemental geochemical composition data of the surface sediments of 18 lakes in the two lakes area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including qiaguiacuo, tongcuo, yueqiaco, Grenco, Cuona, nurmacuo, dazzcuo, saibucuo, bamucuo, gemangcuo, naripingcuo, pengcuo, darucuo, mudidaryucuo, cuoe, Jiangcuo, guomangcuo and zhangnaicuo. It includes Al, Ba, be, CA, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, as, Mo, CD, Sb, Tl, Pb, TOC and TN data. The data were collected by ICP-AES, ICP-MS and elemental analyzer of State Key Laboratory of lake and environment, Nanjing Institute of geography and lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The standard deviation of repeated measurement was less than 5%. The data set reflects the chemical properties of the sediments in the two lakes, and can be used to establish the conversion equation for quantitative reconstruction of Lake Sediment Salinity, evaluate the ecological risk of the lake and identify the impact of human activities.
SUN Weiwei
In 2017, 27 surface sediments were collected in Qinghai Lake by gravity sampler, and the top 1cm was taken as the surface layer, which was freeze-dried and ground into powder after being taken back to the laboratory. Before testing the content of organic carbon and nitrogen, 1mol / L hydrochloric acid should be used to stir the reaction for more than 10 hours, so that the carbonate is completely removed, then dried and ground, and the organic carbon and nitrogen are tested on the element analyzer. The total inorganic carbon content is the carbonate content of the whole rock powder sample measured by infrared spectrum, which is then calculated as the total inorganic carbon content. The contents of organic carbon and inorganic carbon constitute the total carbon content of the lake, and they are close to each other, indicating that the inorganic carbon burial flux and organic carbon burial flux of Qinghai Lake are similar.
MENG Xianqiang
Paleo-shorelines are widely developed in the lakes of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which record the history of paleo-lake level changes. The development age of the mega-lake represented by the highest paleo-shoreline is controversial. The age of the shoreline or the mega-lake can be obtained by measuring the burial age of the shoreline sand in the sedimentary strata of the paleo-shoreline by using the optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technology. This data includes the OSL ages of the highest paleo-shorelines of three lakes in the northwestern TP. The dating is based on the K-feldspar pIRIR method developed in recent years, which effectively solves the problem that the quartz OSL signal is not suitable for dating in the study area. This data can provide key information for the evolution history of the mega-lakes on the TP.
ZHAO Hui, ZHANG Shuai, SHENG Yongwei
In this paper, the data of carbon 14 dating and optical luminescence of a lacustrine sediment profile in nanmucuo lake of zari in the south of Qinghai Tibet Plateau are analyzed. The data are tested by automatic optical luminescence dating instrument and accelerated mass spectrometry. The optical luminescence experiment is carried out in Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the carbon 14 dating experiment is carried out in beta Laboratory of the United States. The data are reliable. This data reveals the lake evolution process of South mucuo Lake in zari in the past 5000 to 2000 years. Moreover, it is proved that the PL age is more reasonable than the C 14 age. In addition, it has a good application value in the study of the evolution process of the "ancient Pan Lake" in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the regional climate and environmental changes.
LIU Xiangjun
In the summer of 2019, the surface sediments of Nam Co, Wuru Co, Gren Co, Qiago Co, Dazz Co, Saibu Co, Gomang Co, Guomang Co, Bamu Co, Nurma Co, Nariping Co, Zhi Co, Jiang Co, Daru Co and Yueqia Co lakes in Nam Co and Siling Co area were collected by grab. The lake sediments were brought back to the laboratory and frozen, and then put into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, The freeze-dried samples were ground to powder by agate mortar, and then the samples were tested by XPert3 Powder X-ray diffraction method. Based on the analysis of Highscore Plus0 software, the content of each major mineral was obtained. The results show that the main minerals in this area are stalagmite, aragonite, calcite and illite.
MENG Xianqiang
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